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41.
42.
B.C. Lee Y.K. He K. Murao M. Isogai G. Dahal I. Uyeda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(6):493-499
Rice dwarf virus isolates were collected from several locations in Japan, the Philippines, China, Nepal and Korea. Genomic dsRNA segment profiles in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis differed among the isolates. There were less differences in the profiles between isolates from Japan and Korea than in those between these two Countries and others. Nucleic acid hybridization was used to examine the extent of genomic variation. Full-length cDNAs to all genomic segments encoding non-structural proteins (S4, S6, S9, S10, S11 and S12) were synthesized from two Japanese isolates, and were used for dot-blot hybridization. Hybridizations using probes generated from the full-length cDNA clones failed to differentiate isolates from different geographical areas. However, cDNA probes covering a variable region of S12 were able to distinguish Japanese and Korean isolates from those of other countries. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid sequence of P12 encoded by S12 grouped Japanese and Korean isolates together. The Chinese isolates from two different locations (Yunnan and Fujian) were closely related to each other, and were the most distantly related to Japanese and Korean isolates. 相似文献
43.
The re-emergence of indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Glenn H. Stewart Maria E. Ignatieva Colin D. Meurk Richard D. Earl 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2004,2(3):149-158
Christchurch, the second largest city in New Zealand is a planned city on a coastal plain on the east coast of the South Island. The birth of the city and the subsequent century of development was characterised by colonial values and tree and garden planting with familiar European species along with those from Australia, North America, and eventually all other continents. The image of an “English garden city” with classical parks of oaks and willow-lined rivers became the accepted norm and the way in which the city has been promoted to potential tourists. Gardening is one of the top two recreational activities and exotic species greatly outnumber native species in the flora and in gardens. This has had serious consequences for the highly fragmented and degraded indigenous vegetation and its co-adapted wildlife. A few hardy indigenous species continued to regenerate through this period, but since the 1970s, there has been a progressive change of attitude and interest in reclaiming the natural heritage of the city, manifest in widespread private and public planting of indigenous species and active habitat restoration. In this article we examine the indigenous and exotic shrub and tree components of the Christchurch flora as planted street trees, in domestic gardens, and in parks. We also present data on shrub and tree regeneration in parks and domestic gardens in the city. Indications are that the more sensitive, less intrusive management of urban environments, combined with the greater density of indigenous seed sources, has allowed regeneration of a wide range of indigenous species across a broad spectrum of habitats – from neglected gardens to pavement cracks to exotic plantations. This is despite the competition from the prodigious seed banks and density of exotic trees, shrubs, and ground covers and albeit minimal impacts of introduced browsing and seed eating mammals. If the present trends continue through appropriate management and facilitation, these tentative signs of native forest regeneration should eventually proliferate into a sustainable mixed origin urban forest that resurrects and preserves the natural character of the region. 相似文献
44.
The liability United States (U.S.) tree owners face from hazardous trees on their private properties has and continues to undergo a transformation. The traditional common law legal test focused upon whether a tree owner had acted to create a hazardous condition on the property. The modern trend is towards a test that imposes greater responsibility and greater uncertainty on tree owners and arborists. Abandoning the natural/artificial distinction, the modern test, adopted in half the U.S. jurisdictions, imposes general principles of negligence on tree owners. This paper discusses the U.S. legal context for hazardous trees, particularly the impacts on individual tree owners. It closes by addressing various practical means to minimize the risks associated with the modern legal standards, both for susceptible tree owners, and for professionals assessing the subject property. 相似文献
45.
46.
参考Genbank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PKRSV)ATCC VR-2332的ORF5基因序列,设计并合成了一对引物.对来自福建、浙江、山东等地的PRRSV分离毒株进行RT-PCR扩增.获得约748bp的DNA片断,将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中,并进行测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列,并与ATCCVR-2332、CH-1a、MLV、Lv等毒株的ORF5序列进行比较,结果表明:SHDl与F114、MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性高达98.5%,与CH-1a同源性为91.0%,与其它毒株同源性为86.6%~88.4%;F114与MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性为99.3%~99.7%.其余分离毒株在遗传关系上和CH-1a又分为明显的两个群.显示近年来各地PRRSV分离毒株与cH-1a株的遗传差异越来越大。 相似文献
47.
原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过野外控制试验,设置4个梯度的施氮处理,分别为对照(CK,不加氮)、低氮(TL,5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(TM,10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(TH,15 g/(m2·a)),研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明,枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势;臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制,其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡;花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应,可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现,各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性,可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明,氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率,可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。 相似文献
48.
Phosphorus (P) cycles rapidly in lowland tropical forest soils, but the process have been proven difficult to quantify. Recently it was demonstrated that valuable data on soil P transformations can be derived from the natural abundance of stable oxygen isotopes in phosphate (δ18OP). Here, we measured the δ18OP of soils that had received long-term nutrient additions (P, nitrogen, and potassium) or litter manipulations in lowland tropical forest in Panama and performed controlled incubations of fresh soils amended with a single pulse of P. To detect whether δ18OP values measured in the incubations apply also for soils in the field, we examined the δ18OP values after rewetting dry soils. In the incubations, resin-P δ18OP values converged to ∼3.5‰ above the expected isotopic equilibrium with soil water. This contrasts with extra-tropical soils in which the δ18OP of resin-P matches the expected equilibrium with soil water. Identical above-equilibrium resin-P δ18OP values were also found in field soils that did not receive P additions or extra litter. We suggest that the 3.5‰ above-equilibrium δ18OP values reflect a steady state between microbial uptake of phosphate (which enriches the remaining phosphate with the heavier isotopologues) and the release of isotopically equilibrated cell internal phosphate back to the soil. We also found that soil nutrient status affected the microbial turnover rate because in soils that had received chronic P addition, the original δ18OP signature of the fertilizer was preserved for at least eight weeks, indicating that the off-equilibrium δ18OP values produced during microbial phosphate turnover was not imprinted in these soils. Overall, our results demonstrate that ongoing microbial turnover of phosphate mediates its biological availability in lowland tropical soils. 相似文献
49.
根据CITES公约附录保护与管制木材种类名录,对云南处于濒危管制的木材树种资源现状进行研究。结果表明,全省被列入CITES公约的木材共有8种(类),其中附录Ⅱ有5种(类),附录Ⅲ有3种(类)。 相似文献
50.